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''On What Matters'' is a two-volume book of moral philosophy by Derek Parfit published in 2011. It is a follow-up to Parfit's 1984 book ''Reasons and Persons''. The dust jacket states that the book is "about reasons, values and morality". The book is introduced by Samuel Scheffler. ''On What Matters'' defends an objective ethical theory and suggests that we have reasons to act that cannot be accounted for by subjective ethical theories. Furthermore, it attempts to present a moral theory that combines three traditional approaches in moral and political philosophy: Kantian deontology, consequentalism, and contractarianism (of the sort advocated by T. M. Scanlon, and from the tradition of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and John Rawls). According to Parfit, these theories converge rather than disagree, "climbing the same mountain on different sides", in Parfit's metaphor. Parfit labels his synthesis of these three ethical theories the "Triple Theory": An act is wrong if and only if, or just when, such acts are disallowed by some principle that is On Parfit's view, these three criteria (a) represent the best versions of consequentialism, Kantian ethics, and contractarianism respectively, and (b) should generally agree in their recommendations. Both claims have proven controversial. == Writing == The manuscript, originally titled ''Climbing the Mountain,'' circulated for many years prior to publication, and occasioned a great deal of excitement, including reading groups and a conference prior to publication. Some of ''On What Matters'' is derived from lectures given at the University of California, Berkeley as part of the Tanner Lectures on Human Values in 2002. As part of that series at Berkeley, Parfit's lectures were responded to by Allen W. Wood, T. M. Scanlon and Susan Wolf. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「On What Matters」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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